Electrical system of distribution.



No. 869,286. PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907. W. E. WINSHIP.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. nrmonron FILED ma. 1, 19m.

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No. 869,286. PATENTED OCT. 29. 1907.

w. B. WINSHIP. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION- APPLICATION FILED MAB. 7. 1907.

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, WITNESSES mmv ran Wm zwmlu/ No. 869,286. PATENTBD OCT. 29. 1907.

W. B. WINSHIP.

ELEGTRIGAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

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WALTER E. WINSHIP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

COMPANY, A CORPOR ASSIGNOR TO GOULD STORAGE BATTERY ATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 29, 190:

Application filed March 7 1907. Serial No. 361.148

'l'o all d'hom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER E. WINsniP, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electrical systems of distribution and more particularly to systems employing an electric storage apparatus such as a storage battery to steady the load on an alternating current generating plant.

According to my invention the battery is controlled rcsponsit ely to the true energy variations of the alternating current generator, preferably by varying the cIectro-niotive-forcc of a booster in series with a battery responsively to said variations. The true energy of an alternating current is measured by the product of the current and electro-motive-force of said circuit and the cosine of the angle of phase difference between them. By rcgulating in accordance with changes in this product I am crnxbhd to maintain the actual mechanical or cthcr power applicd to rotate the generator at reat uniform ity, since my rcgulation compensates for changes in every factor that takcs part in causing a change of power.

Specifically my invention includes the regulation of the battery by regulating the booster rcsponsively to the relative movement of two coils, which relative movement is caused by their magnetic relation to each other. One of said coils is located to be responsive to current changes on the alternating current generator, and the other to voltage changes thereof. The torque reaction between the two coils is in accordance with well known lows. thc product of their nmguctizing forces and the cosine of the angle of phase difference bu: twccn them. As their nwgmtizing forces are rrspcc Iivclyproportional Lo currcnt and voltage changcs ol the gcncrator, thc rcsull is that the torquc bctwccn thcsc two coils is responsive to variations of true energy of thc gcncmtor.

Uthcr icalurcs of my invcnliou include more spccilic l'catul'cs oi coiubilultlou and armngcuicul as llcrcillullcr dcscribcd, by which I obtain tbc cnnlrol nbovc spew-iiicd.

Referring to thc drawings. l 'igurc l is u. diagrammatic illustrnliml of a simple form of my invcution. Figs. 2 and 3 are cuhirgl-d views showing the dynunionr ctcr diagianiniuticully indicutcd in Fig. l. l igv 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a modification of thc invontion.

Rcicrring first to Fig. 1, A represents a source of ultcrnoting currcllt which may be one or more Inain gnu-rm lors at 1 central station or any cquivulcllt at a sub-stution, or any othcr suitable source o1 alternating current.

i l l l I I l l l l l l l l l B represents a storage battery and C a booster armature in series therewith, the two being connected to a direct current circuit 12. D. is a rotary converter or other suitable rectifying apparatus, preferably reversible in character, whose direct current end is connected to the circuit 12, While its alternating current end is connected to the circuit 34 from the generator A. 5-6 indicates an alternating current work circuit. According to my present invention the work circuit may be either an alternating current one or a work circuit connected to the direct current lines 1-2, or there may be work circuits connected to each side of the system.

The current in the-booster field coil C is varied .in direction and amount by the movement of the contacts e, e of a reversing rhcostat. These contacts are carried by a moving coil E. This coil has connected to it two pivots f which extend through a fixed coil E. The fixed coil is connected in series in the main 4, while the moving coil is conn ccted through the springs g, 9 across the circuit 3- 1 to be rcsponsive n voltage variations thereof. The moving coil thcrcfore tends to move in one direction in L('('0l(lil1l(.'(-l will the well known dynamonictcr principle, the torque exerted bcing equal to the product of the magnetizing forces and the cosine of the angle of phasc difference between them. This movement is opposed by the springs g, 9, one end of each of which is connected to one of the pivots f, while the other end is connected to a fixed abutment h. As the moving coil turns in its bearings, the contacts 0, e sweep over the fixed contacts 0 and e which are respectively connectcd to resistances R, R.

In the systcm illustrated in Fig. 1 the resistances R, R are at one end conncctcd togethcrand to the conductor on one sidcof the direct current circuit. The other ends of the rcsistances are also connected together and to the conductor on the other side of the direct current circuit. The booster field coil C is connected at its terminals to the contacts a and c respectively. These are constantly cngagcd by the contacts 0, e respectively. The contacts a, 1: are therefore always connecting the scgmcul s r, (I rcspcctivcly with one or other of the contacts 1", c.

\llu-n l'hc moving coil is at the position shown in Fig. vi and tllc lull lino position of Fig. 3 the booster lichl winding L" is without currcnt bccallsc thcrc is the sonic potcntiul dilicrr ncc at each tcrluinal of the coil. \Yhcn lhc truc cncrgy given out by gcncrator A lllt'l'ttlfits. thcrcby increasing the torquc between the coils E and E. thcn the moving coil moves toward one of thc dotted liuc positions shown in Fig. 3 against. the opposition of thc springs g. g. This causes a current in the propcr dircction and of thc propcr magnitude to pass through the booster iicld U" to cause a proper o1cctro-motivefurce to be developed in the booster aruinture tlrerehy cnrtlding the battery to dis hnrge to the work cir uit. \Yhr n the true energy on gencmtor has lullt :1 below the uvcrugo for which the apparatus is ndjustul, then the moving coil moves in the opposite dirwlion its. ior example. to the other dotted line position in Fig. I}, this movement being mused oy the springs 5; overcoming the decreased torque between the coils. Under these circumstances 2]. current in the opposite direction tntverst s the [ield winding t and part ol to energy of the generator is i used to charge the llill t rn s.

In Fig. 4 I have shown it modification to which. however, the principles of niy invcntion urc lqunlly applied. In this case the generator is shown at A as a. polyphase generator. The rectitier l) is supplied through stepdown transformers H. The booster field winding C is in the present instance supplied by the armature K of air exciter. Preferably this exciter and the booster are both operated by the niotor M. The electro-niotive-force of the (:Xlltc! is controlled by varying the resultant of the opposing potential differences applied to the hold coil K thereof. This is cifected in the present instance by connecting oneteo minul oi field coil K" to A point T of the lottery, while varying the potential difference at the other terminal of said-field winding both nbove and below the potential difference of point 7. This is effected by (r m-oh ing a carbon regulator by true energy changes in the manner heretofore set forth. Thus L. L indi ate two carbon piles. 1k is a pivoted lever [ulcruined tit l Ltlld bearing at l, l-' upon the tops of the carbon llt'S. A spring S tends to move the. lever If in one (lil'et'ilOllJ so tending to relieve the prt'ssurc upon the pile l, and increase the pressure upon the pile L. Acting in opposition to this spring is the l lcctro-rrspousiw device comprising a fixed (oil 0 and a rnovnlde coil U. the moving coil being mechanically connected fit th lever L. In the present instance the fixed coil 1) is shown as connected in series with one of the cornluttors ti, 9. 10 leading from the generator A. while the moving coil is connected across the conductors 8 and it) to be subjected to voltage variations of the generator. In this case. therefore, as in the other case, the. torque we ertcd by the magnetic reaction between these coils will be proportional to the product of the currutt llll l electro-rnotivc-i'orceot' the genemtor-Aund the cosine ot' the angle of phase difference between said electronno ve force and current.

When the true energy of generator A is at the desired average then the torque exerted upon the moving coil is such as, acting against the spring 8, to make the pressure upon the two carbon lllllfi ((111111. '1 eir resistances will therefore be equal.

Under these (ow ditions the potential All) the point ll will he the same 3.8 the potcntii l at. the point 7. whereby the excitot tield ii will i)! without currenl and the. booster will not lie producing ele tronuitit'c-t'orcc. When the trio energy ol' the generator is itllouthis value the PRC" sure upon pile L will increase :rud that upon pile L decrease. so producing it substantial (llfifiIlllLt in the relative resistances of the two pill s, whereby the po tential at points ll Mill 7 will be substantially differout and a. current in one direction will traverse the field winding K or the xcitcr and muse an electrw motive-force to be gtlh'lutlll by the exciter and there fore the booster field to be energized. 'lhe decreasiin the true energy of'gtnonttor A below the average rovers! s this effect. the spring 5 overcoming tho pull of the Coil 0 so that current is produced in the excitcr field K in on opposite direction producing it booster eh*ctrtHnotive-force in an opposite direction.

The specific apparatus shown in connection with Fig. 1 for a polyphasc circuit operates satisfactorily it the system is substantially a balanced one. Where the system is substantially unbalanced it is, in necorduncc with Well known principles, desirable to so connect or duplicate the coils that the apparatus will be responsive to changes in two or all of the conductors of the system.

I desire to be understood as not limiting myself to any of the more details of construction or arrangement shown or described herein as-my invention as sct forth in the appended claims is broader than any such details. It Will be understood also that in putting into practice this invention ordinary devices known to the art for adjusting the various apparatus to the different conditions may be provided. In Fig. 1 I have shown a; control by the dynnniometer of the booster field without the interposition of am cxcitel', Whereas in Fig. 4 I have. shown a. more indirect control. It will be understood that matters of this kind are to be hit with the discretion of the engineer in accordance with the size and character of the plant and the clos ness of regulation desired.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and drsire to protect by Letterslatent is,

i. 'llic combination with an alternating current gem emtor and circuit. and storngo nppnrzitus in operative relation therewith, of regulating apparatus tuereior controlled responsively to the vurlntlons of the true energy 0! the alternating current circuit.

2. The combination with :in oltea'nnting current L'enerzttor and circuit, and storage apparatus in operative rctulion therewith, of regulatim: apparatus therefor coutroliell responsively to the variations of the product of the elertiomotire-force rind current of the alternating; current circuit and the cosine or the angle ofthc pllnse diit'erenee lie-tween said clectro-motive-force and current.

It. The combination no :lfl alternating current gen orator and circuit, storage apparatus in operative rolie tion therewith. n booster in series Will), the storage appuittius. and re ulnting apparatus for the booster field cou- Le-lied responsively to the variations of the true energy or tiuutter-noting current circuit.

1. The combination with an alternating, current gem crater :uul circuit, storage :tppnrzttus in operative relation ihcreuitll. :1 Monster in series with the storage nppu' rzltus. and rcgulnline apparatus for the booster Jeld coir trolled responsively to the variationsof the product. of the elm-tro-nzotrvc|'orro nnd current ol the :llterunting cur l'.ll circuit and the cosine of line angle of the phase dlfl'crence lIPlWF'lHlH-tflid clectromotivdtorce and current.

5. The combination with an :tlternntin: current 1011- erntor and circuit, stornue :ippzu'ntus l l operrltlrc relation therewith. a' bolster in series with the storage apparatus. n reversing; and =cnrrent controlling, nijlnlrntus l'or nll'cct ion the booster field strength. n movulile niooilwr thereof. llL l means for controllinu; tlie movenwut ol sold lllllllllll' icsponsively to variations of the true enorn ol llnalto,"- uotiu; cui'rcnt circuit.

o. 'l'ho conihlnutlon with all alternating current gcnw-ltllul' and cil'cuil, storage apparatus in operative ltizltiuli then-u on. n booster in series with the storngc npprn'zltus. n reversing: and current controllinguppnrulns t'or Zlll eCt' int: th: booster licld stlcngth, :i movnlllc member thereof, :1 no incur for controlling the movement of said nunnlrer rcsponsu it to r: rations of the product of the electrolnotii'e force and current of the alternating current; circuit and the cosine of the angle of phase difference between said eIectro-moilveiorce and current.

7. The combination oi an alternating current generator, a rectifier. a storage battery connected to the direct current end of the rectifier. a booster in series with the 1 battery, and regulating apparatus for the booster field controlled by and in accordance with true energy changes of said alternating current generator.

8. The combination or an alternating current generator, :1 rectifier, a storage battery connected to the direct current end of the rectifier, a booster in series with the batlery, and regulating apparatus for the booster field con trolled by and in accordance with changes in the product of the current and eleciro-motive-force of the alternating current generator and the cosine of the angle of phase dit ference between said current and electro-motive-force.

9, The combination of an alternating current generator. a rectifier, a storug battery connected. to the direct current end of the rectifier, a booster in series with the bat iery, an exciter for the booster, and regulating apparatus for the excitcr tield controlled by and in accordance with changes in the product of the current and electro-motlveforce of the alternating current generator and the cosine of the angle of phase diiferenc'e between said current and clcctronmtive-force.

ii], The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the direct current end of the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, a controlling coil therefor subjected to the resultant of opposing potential ditl'erences, and regulating apparauts lilting to vary one ofsuid potential dilferences controlled by and in accordance with the true energy changes of the alternating current generator.

It. The combination of an alternatingcurrent generator, a rectifier, a storage batter-v connected to the direct current and of the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, a controlling coll therefor subjected to the re suit-ant of opposing potential differences. and regulating apparatus acting to vary one of said potential differences controlled by and in accordance. with changes in the prodnct'of the current and electro-motivc-forue of the alternatingcurrent generator and the cosine of the angle of phase difference between said current and electromotlveiorce.

11!. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the direct current end of the rectifier, a ho :ster in series with the battery. an exciter for the booster, a field winding therefor-subjected to the resultant; of opposing potential. dillercnccs, and regulating apparatus acting to vary one of said potential differences responsivoly to changes in the product or the current and electru-motive-force of the alternating current generator and the cosine of the angle of phase dltlercnce between said current and electromotive-force.

13. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the di-. itlli' current end of the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, an exciter for the booster, a tlelduvinding therefor subjected to the resultant of opposing potential differences, regulating apparatus acting to vary one of said potential (inferences. a coil responsive to current changes of the alternating current generator, a coil in magnetic relation therewith responsive to voltage changes of the alternating current generator, one of said coils being movable, and means for governing the operation of said regulating apparatus in accordance with the move ment of said moving coil,

14. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the direct current end of the rcctliier, a booster in series with the battery, an excite-r for the booster, a iield winding therefor subjected to the resultant of opposing potential differences, regulating apparatus uctlng to vary one of said potential difiercnccs, a coil responsivelto current i changes of the alternating current generator, a coil in magnetic relation therewith responsive to voltage changes of the alternating current generator, one of said coils being movable, mechanical connections between the moving coil and the regulating apparatus tending to actuate the same in one. direction, and mechanical means tending to actuate the same in the other direction.

15. The comb nation of an alternating current gem erator, a rectifier, a storage battery, connected to the direct current: end of the rectifier, a. booster in series with the battery, a winding for controlling the booster electromotive-force, a pair of piles of carbon or the like, a connection from said winding to a point between said piles, a-movable member arrai ged to vary the relative resistances of said piles, a coil responsive to current changes o1- the alternating current generator, a evil in magnetic relation therewith responsive to voltage changes of the alternating current generator, one oi said coils being movable and connected to said movable member, and mac-hair ical means acting upon said movable member in the opposite direction.

16. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the dircct current and of the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, a winding for controlling the booster clcctro motive-force, a pair of piles of carbon or the like, a conuection from said winding to a point between said plies, a movable member arranged to vary the relative resistances of said piles, a coil responsive to current changes of the alternating current circuit, a coil in magnetic relation therewith responsive to voltage changes of the alternating: current circuit, one of said coils being movable and connectcd to said movable member, and mechanical men s acting upon said movable member in the opposite direc tion.

17. The combination of an alternating current gcnorator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected to the di rect current end oil the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, an exciter for said booster, :1 held winding therefor, a pair of piles of carbon or the like. a connection from said winding to a point between said piles, a movable member arranged to vary the reia tlve resistances of said piles, a coil responsive to current changes of the alternating current generator, a coil in magnetic relation therewith responsive to voltage changes of the alternating current generator, one of said coils beingmovable and connected to said movable member, and mechanical means acting upon said movable member in the opposite direction.

IS. The combination of an alternating current generator, a rectifier, a. storage battery connected to the direct current and o! the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, regulating apparatus for the booster including piles of carbon or the like, means for varying the relative pressures exerted upon the two piles, comprising relatively movable coils connected to be respectively responsive to current and voltage changes of the alternating current circuit and mechanical means acting in opposition to the relative movement or said coils,

19. The combination oi? an alternating current gcnerator, a rectifier, a storage battery connected in the di rect cu -rent end of the rectifier, a booster in series with the battery, regulating. apparatus for the booster including piles of carbon or the like, means for varying the relative pressures exerted upon the two piles. comprising relatively movable coils connected to be respectively responsive to current and voltage changes of the alternating current generator, and mechanical means acting in opposition to the relative movement of said coils.

in testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presen e at two subscribing witnesses.

WALTER E1. WINSII II.

Witnesses l'lnwln Snoun.

A. Dam.

Corrections in Letters Patent No. 869,286.

1 requiring correction, as follows: In line 76, page 1, the word It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 869.286, granted October upon the application of Walter E. Winship,

29, 1907, of New York, N. Y., for an improvement in Electrical Systems of Distribution, errors appear in the printed specification will should read trifle,

and in line 125, page 2, the word bolster should read booster; and that the said .Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of December, A. D., 1907.

[SEAL] G. C. BILLINGS,

Acting Commissioner of Paten 

